Lighting is the backbone of any aquascape but this not mean that you need the most high-end strong lights to create a beautiful aquascape. That’s where low light aquarium plants come into play. These plants are perfect for beginners and aquarium enthusiasts looking to create a beautiful aquascape without the need for strong lighting requirements.
These plants have adapted to survive in shady areas of rivers, streams, and ponds, making them excellent choices for aquariums with low light conditions.
The beauty of low light aquarium plants lies in their simplicity and versatility. They can add a touch of greenery, texture, and depth to your tank, creating a natural and serene environment for your fish and other aquatic inhabitants.
In this guide, we will introduce you to 10 great low light aquarium plants that are perfect for beginners. These plants not only require minimal lighting but also have straightforward care requirements, making them ideal for those new to the hobby. So, let’s dive in and explore the world of low light aquarium plants.
The 10 Low Light Aquarium Plants For Beginners
- Java Fern (Microsorum pteropus)
- Anubias (Anubias spp.)
- Java Moss (Taxiphyllum barbieri)
- Cryptocoryne (Cryptocoryne spp.)
- Amazon Sword (Echinodorus amazonicus)
- Water Wisteria (Hygrophila difformis)
- Vallisneria (Vallisneria spp.)
- Marimo Moss Ball (Aegagropila linnaei)
- Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum)
- Dwarf Sagittaria
These plants are known for their adaptability to low light conditions and are relatively easy to care for. However, even low light plants still require some level of care. So, let’s take a closer look at each of them to understand how to properly keep them.
Java Fern (Microsorum pteropus)
| Scientific Name | Microsorum pteropus |
| Maximum Size | Up to 40 centimetres |
| Placement | Midground or background of aquariums |
| Substrate Needed | Not required, can be attached to driftwood or rocks |
| Ideal Temperature | 22°C – 28°C |
| Ideal pH | 6.0-7.5 |
| Lighting Requirements | Low to moderate |
| Ease of Propagation | Easy |
Description
Java Fern (Microsorum pteropus) is a popular aquatic plant among aquarium enthusiasts. It is native to Southeast Asia. The plant has long, flowing leaves with delicate leaflets that give it a unique appearance. The leaves are typically dark green, but variations with lighter shades can also be found.
Care
Java Fern is relatively easy to care for and is known for its hardiness. It can thrive in a wide range of water conditions, making it suitable for both beginners and experienced aquarists. Unlike many other aquatic plants, Java Fern does not require substrate to grow. Instead, it can be attached to driftwood, rocks, or other decorations in the aquarium. It obtains nutrients from the water column and can benefit from occasional fertilisation.
Placement
Java Fern is commonly positioned in the midground or background areas. Its larger size makes it suitable as a focal point or backdrop for smaller plants. It can be attached to driftwood or rocks using a cotton thread or some fishing line. If planting in the substrate, avoid burying the rhizome.
Propagation
Java Fern reproduces through the growth of daughter plants, or plantlets, which develop along the leaves. Once these plantlets have grown several leaves of their own, they can be carefully separated from the parent plant and attached to a suitable surface. Alternatively, the rhizome can be divided by cutting it into sections and attaching each section to a different area. Both methods are generally successful and can be attempted by beginners.
Why It Is Great For Beginners
Java Fern is highly recommended for beginners due to its forgiving nature and ease of care. It can tolerate a wide range of water conditions, including varying levels of light and pH. This plant is resistant to diseases and algae, making it a low-maintenance option. Additionally, Java Fern’s ability to thrive without substrate simplifies the setup process for novice aquarists. Its simple propagation methods also provide an opportunity for beginners to experiment with plant growth and expand their aquarium collection.
Anubias (Anubias spp.)
| Scientific Name | Anubias spp. |
| Maximum Size | Up to 40 centimetres |
| Placement | Foreground or midground of aquariums |
| Substrate Needed | Not required, can be attached to driftwood or rocks |
| Ideal Temperature | 22°C – 28°C |
| Ideal pH | 6.0-7.5 |
| Lighting Requirements | Low to moderate |
| Ease of Propagation | Easy |
Description
Anubias is a genus of aquatic plants belonging to the family Araceae. There are several species within this genus, including Anubias barteri, Anubias nana, and Anubias coffeefolia. These plants feature broad, dark green leaves that grow in a rosette pattern. The leaves are thick and leathery, providing a unique texture to the aquascape. Anubias plants are slow-growing, and their roots grow from a rhizome structure similar to the Java Fern.
Care
Anubias is an ideal choice for beginners due to its undemanding care requirements. This plant can thrive in a wide range of water conditions, including low light and nutrient-poor environments. It does not require a substrate and can be easily attached to driftwood, rocks, or other aquarium decorations. The rhizome should be exposed to prevent rotting. Anubias plants are generally resistant to diseases and algae, making them low-maintenance options.
Placement
Anubias is commonly placed in the foreground or midground of aquariums. Its compact size and slow growth rate make it suitable for smaller tanks or as a foreground accent in larger setups. This plant can also be used to create natural-looking aquascapes by positioning it alongside other aquatic plants or hardscape elements.
Why It Is Great For Beginners
Anubias is one of the first plants I recommend for beginners due to its hardiness and adaptability. It can tolerate a wide range of water parameters, including varying temperatures and pH levels. Its low lighting requirements make it suitable for setups without intense lighting systems. Additionally, Anubias plants are easy to propagate by dividing the rhizome or by detaching daughter plants. With its beautiful foliage, ease of care, and forgiving nature, Anubias is an excellent choice for novice aquarists.
Java Moss (Taxiphyllum barbieri)
| Scientific Name | Taxiphyllum barbieri |
| Maximum Size | Up to 5 centimetres |
| Placement | Foreground or background |
| Substrate Needed | Not required, can be attached to various surfaces |
| Ideal Temperature | 18°C – 26°C |
| Ideal pH | 5.0-8.0 |
| Lighting Requirements | Low to moderate |
| Ease of Propagation | Very easy |
Description
Java Moss (Taxiphyllum barbieri) is another popular and versatile aquatic plant. It belongs to the Hypnaceae family and is native to Southeast Asia. Java Moss is composed of fine, branching stems covered with small, vibrant green leaves. The plant has a dense and delicate appearance, creating a lush carpet effect or providing hiding places for small fish and shrimp, both popular options for beginners.
Care
Java Moss is incredibly easy to care for, making it an excellent choice for beginners. It can thrive in various water conditions and lighting intensities, ranging from low to moderate. This plant also doesn’t require any substrate. Instead, it can be attached to rocks, driftwood, or other surfaces using fishing line or aquarium-safe glue. Java Moss obtains nutrients from the water column, but it can benefit from occasional fertilisation. Regular pruning helps maintain its compact and tidy appearance.
Placement
Java Moss is versatile when it comes to placement in an aquarium. It can be positioned in the foreground to create a dense carpet effect or placed in the background to cover larger areas. This plant is often used to create natural-looking aquascapes, providing a sense of depth and texture. Additionally, Java Moss can be attached to hardscape elements, such as rocks or driftwood, to create intricate and visually appealing designs.
Why It Is Great For Beginners
Java Moss is highly recommended for beginners due to its forgiving nature and ease of care. It can adapt to a wide range of water parameters and lighting conditions, making it suitable for various tank setups. The plant’s ability to grow without substrate simplifies the aquarium setup process for novice aquarists. Java Moss is also extremely easy to propagate. Simply separate portions of the plant and attach them to desired surfaces, and they will quickly grow into new plants. Its rapid growth rate also helps in maintaining water quality by absorbing excess nutrients, reducing the likelihood of algae growth.
Cryptocoryne (Cryptocoryne spp.)
| Scientific Name | Cryptocoryne spp. |
| Maximum Size | Varies by species, typically 10-50 centimetres |
| Placement | Foreground or midground of aquariums |
| Substrate Needed | Yes, prefers nutrient-rich substrate |
| Ideal Temperature | 22°C – 28°C |
| Ideal pH | 6.0-7.5 |
| Lighting Requirements | Low to moderate |
| Ease of Propagation | Moderate |
Description
Cryptocoryne is a genus of aquatic plants belonging to the Araceae family. There are numerous species within this genus, each with its unique leaf shape, size, and colouration. Cryptocoryne plants typically have broad, lanceolate, or elongated leaves that range from green to reddish-brown hues. Some species feature textured or wavy leaves, adding visual interest to the aquascape. The plants grow from a central rhizome and send out new leaves from the base.
Care
Cryptocoryne plants are generally low-maintenance and suitable for beginners. They prefer stable water conditions and a nutrient-rich substrate. Cryptocoryne species can tolerate various lighting intensities, ranging from low to moderate. It is important to avoid sudden changes in water parameters, as these can cause the leaves to melt or develop algae. Regular dosing of liquid fertilisers helps promote healthy growth and vibrant leaf colours.
Placement
Cryptocoryne can be placed in the foreground or midground areas of an aquarium, depending on the species and size. Smaller species work well in the foreground, while larger varieties can serve as a focal point in the midground. These plants are versatile and can be used in various aquascaping styles, such as nature-style or biotope aquariums. Cryptocoryne can also be planted in groups or as individual specimens to create depth and texture within the aquascape.
Why It Is Great For Beginners
Cryptocoryne is an excellent choice for beginners due to its adaptability and relatively low maintenance requirements. It can tolerate a wide range of water conditions, including temperature and pH fluctuations within the recommended range. Cryptocoryne’s preference for low to moderate lighting makes it suitable for setups without intense lighting systems. While propagation may require some patience and skill, it is possible to propagate Cryptocoryne through division of the rhizome or by carefully separating offshoots. Once established, Cryptocoryne plants can thrive and add beauty to the aquarium, even with minimal intervention.
Amazon Sword (Echinodorus amazonicus)
| Scientific Name | Echinodorus spp. |
| Maximum Size | Up to 60 centimetres |
| Placement | Background of aquariums |
| Substrate Needed | Yes, prefers nutrient-rich substrate |
| Ideal Temperature | 22°C – 26°C |
| Ideal pH | 6.5-7.5 |
| Lighting Requirements | Moderate to high |
| Ease of Propagation | Moderate |
Description
Amazon Sword (Echinodorus spp.) is an iconic aquatic plant native to the Amazon basin in South America. This genus comprises various species, including Echinodorus amazonicus and Echinodorus bleheri. Amazon Sword plants have long, broad leaves that form a rosette shape. The leaves range in colour from deep green to reddish-brown, depending on the specific species and environmental conditions. They can develop impressive sizes, making them excellent background plants.
Care
Amazon Sword requires relatively more care compared to some other aquatic plants, but it is still suitable for beginners. It prefers a nutrient-rich substrate that provides essential minerals for its growth. Regular dosing of liquid fertilisers containing iron and other micronutrients is recommended. While it does best under moderate to high lighting, it can be kept under low lighting conditions with the only drawback being a slower growth rate. Adequate water circulation helps prevent the accumulation of debris around the plant.
Placement
Amazon Sword is typically placed in the background of the aquarium due to its size and growth habit. The plant can form a dense cluster, creating a beautiful backdrop for smaller plants or as a standalone centrepiece. Consider the mature size of the Amazon Sword when planning its placement to ensure it has enough space to grow without overshadowing other plants. Its broad leaves add a sense of lushness and create a natural ambiance in the aquascape.
Why It Is Great For Beginners
Amazon Sword is a great choice for beginners seeking a visually striking and manageable aquatic plant. While it requires a bit more attention compared to some other beginner-friendly plants, it is still relatively easy to care for. Amazon Sword’s hardiness and adaptability to a wide range of water conditions make it suitable for various setups. Its slow to moderate growth rate allows beginners to observe and maintain its development. Additionally, Amazon Sword can be propagated by separating daughter plants or by carefully dividing the root system.
Water Wisteria (Hygrophila difformis)
| Scientific Name | Hygrophila difformis |
| Maximum Size | Up to 50 centimetres |
| Placement | Background or midground of aquariums |
| Substrate Needed | Not required, can be planted or left floating |
| Ideal Temperature | 22°C – 28°C |
| Ideal pH | 6.0-7.5 |
| Lighting Requirements | Low to moderate |
| Ease of Propagation | Very easy |
Description
Water Wisteria (Hygrophila difformis) is a versatile and popular aquatic plant that belongs to the Acanthaceae family. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and is known for its finely divided, vibrant green leaves. Water Wisteria features delicate foliage arranged in a pinnate pattern, resembling the leaves of terrestrial wisteria plants. The plant can grow both submerged and emersed, and it can develop long stems that create a graceful, bushy appearance.
Care
Water Wisteria is a hardy and low-maintenance plant, making it perfect for beginners. It can tolerate a wide range of water conditions and lighting intensities. While it can thrive in low to moderate lighting, higher light levels promote more compact growth and intensify the colouration of the leaves. Water Wisteria benefits from regular fertilisation with liquid or root tab fertilisers to promote healthy growth. Trimming the plant periodically helps maintain its shape and encourages new growth.
Placement
Water Wisteria can be placed in the background or midground areas of the aquarium. Its tall, bushy nature makes it an excellent choice for filling empty spaces and providing a lush backdrop. It can also be used as a centrepiece or as an accent plant when trimmed to a desired height. Water Wisteria can be planted in the substrate or left floating, making it a versatile option for various aquascaping styles.
Why It Is Great For Beginners
Water Wisteria is highly recommended for beginners due to its adaptability and ease of care. It can tolerate a wide range of water parameters, including temperature and pH fluctuations, making it forgiving for novice aquarists. The plant’s low to moderate lighting requirements is an added bonus. Water Wisteria is an excellent choice for beginners who want to experiment with plant propagation, as it can be easily propagated by simply trimming and replanting the cuttings. Its relatively fast growth rate also helps in controlling nutrient levels and reducing the chances of algae overgrowth.
Vallisneria (Vallisneria spp.)
| Scientific Name | Vallisneria spp. |
| Maximum Size | Varies by species, typically 30-100 centimetres |
| Placement | Background of aquariums |
| Substrate Needed | Yes, prefers nutrient-rich substrate |
| Ideal Temperature | 20°C – 28°C |
| Ideal pH | 6.5-8.0 |
| Lighting Requirements | Moderate to high |
| Ease of Propagation | Easy |
Description
Vallisneria is a genus of aquatic plants that includes several species, such as Vallisneria spiralis and Vallisneria americana. These plants are commonly known as Vallisneria, tape grass, or eelgrass. Vallisneria plants have long, ribbon-like leaves that grow from a central rhizome. The leaves are usually green but can display variations in colouration, such as red or brown depending on the species and environmental conditions. Vallisneria can develop tall, slender stems with multiple leaves, creating a lush and graceful appearance.
Care
Vallisneria is a relatively low-maintenance plant, making it suitable for beginners. It prefers a nutrient-rich substrate that provides essential minerals for growth. Regular dosing of liquid or root tab fertilisers helps ensure healthy growth and vibrant colours. These plants prefer moderate lighting but they can be successfully grown in low light setups. Vallisneria plants can tolerate a wide range of water parameters but appreciate stable conditions to do well.
Placement
Vallisneria is typically placed in the background of the aquarium due to its tall nature. Its long, slender leaves provide a beautiful backdrop and create a sense of depth in the aquascape. Vallisneria can be planted in groups or as individual specimens, depending on the desired effect. The plant’s vertical growth adds a dynamic and natural element to the aquarium, mimicking the appearance of submerged grasses in natural habitats.
Why It Is Great For Beginners
Vallisneria is an excellent choice for beginners due to its ease of care and adaptability. It too can tolerate a wide range of water parameters, making it forgiving of mistakes that novice aquarists are bound to make. The plant’s ability to grow well under different lighting levels allows beginners to experiment with lighting setups as they become more experienced. Vallisneria reproduces through runners or stolons, which spread horizontally and produce new plantlets. This natural propagation method makes it easy for beginners to propagate and expand their Vallisneria population within the aquarium.
Marimo Moss Ball (Aegagropila linnaei)
| Scientific Name | Aegagropila linnaei |
| Maximum Size | Up to 10 centimetres |
| Placement | Anywhere in the aquarium |
| Substrate Needed | Not required, can be placed directly on the substrate or left floating |
| Ideal Temperature | 20°C – 24°C |
| Ideal pH | 6.0-8.0 |
| Lighting Requirements | Low to moderate |
| Ease of Propagation | Very easy |
Description
Marimo Moss Ball, scientifically known as Aegagropila linnaei, is a unique and captivating aquatic plant that originates from freshwater lakes in Japan, Estonia, and Iceland. It features a spherical shape composed of dense green filaments that resemble moss. Marimo Moss Balls are not true moss but rather a type of filamentous algae that forms into ball-like structures. They have a velvety texture and a pleasing aesthetic, adding a touch of charm to any aquarium.
Care
Marimo Moss Balls are extremely low-maintenance plants, making them perfect for beginners. They require minimal care and attention. Marimo Moss Balls do not need substrate but can be placed directly on the aquarium floor or left floating in the water. They can thrive in low to moderate lighting conditions. Regular gentle rolling or turning of the Marimo Moss Balls helps to maintain their shape and prevent the growth of brown spots.
Placement
Marimo Moss Balls can be placed anywhere in the aquarium, allowing for creative and versatile placement options. They can be positioned on the substrate, attached to decorative objects, or left to float freely. Marimo Moss Balls can be used to create natural-looking aquascapes, as well as provide hiding spots for small aquatic animals. Their spherical shape adds visual interest and a unique focal point to the aquarium, enhancing the overall aesthetics.
Why It Is Great For Beginners
Marimo Moss Balls are exceptionally well-suited for beginners due to their simplicity and resilience. They require minimal care and are very forgiving to a wide range of water parameters. Marimo Moss Balls can tolerate fluctuations in temperature and pH, making them suitable for various aquarium setups. They are hardy and can survive in low light conditions. Marimo Moss Balls can also propagate easily by dividing into smaller fragments, allowing beginners to expand their collection quite effortlessly.
Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum)
| Scientific Name | Ceratophyllum demersum |
| Maximum Size | Up to 60 centimetres |
| Placement | Floating or planted in the background of aquariums |
| Substrate Needed | Not required, can be left free-floating |
| Ideal Temperature | 15° – 30°C |
| Ideal pH | 6.0-7.5 |
| Lighting Requirements | Low to high |
| Ease of Propagation | Very easy |
Description
Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum) is a very hardy aquatic plant that belongs to the Ceratophyllaceae family. It is native to various regions around the world and is characterised by its delicate, feathery foliage. Hornwort has long, slender stems covered in whorls of bright green, finely divided leaves. The plant features a bushy and branching growth habit, providing ample hiding spots for fish and other aquatic organisms.
Care
Hornwort is a low-maintenance and hardy plant, making it ideal for beginners. It can tolerate a wide range of water conditions, including temperature and pH fluctuations. Hornwort does not require substrate and can be left free-floating in the aquarium or anchored to the substrate with weights. It can thrive in different lighting conditions including low light. Regular pruning helps to control its growth and maintain its shape.
Placement
Hornwort is commonly used as a floating plant or placed in the background of the aquarium. When left free-floating, it forms dense mats at the water’s surface, providing shade and creating a natural-looking canopy. Alternatively, it can be planted in the substrate to create a vertical accent or to soften the appearance of hardscape elements. Hornwort’s flexible stems make it easy to manipulate and arrange in various positions within the aquarium.
Why It Is Great For Beginners
Hornwort is highly recommended for beginners due to its ease of care and rapid growth. Its ability to tolerate a wide range of water conditions is just perfect for novice aquarists. Hornwort’s low maintenance requirements and versatility in placement make it suitable for a variety of aquarium setups. It serves as a natural water purifier, absorbing excess nutrients and helping to prevent algae growth. Hornwort is also an excellent choice for beginner aquarists looking to experiment with plant propagation, as it readily propagates from stem cuttings.
Dwarf Sagittaria
| Scientific Name | Sagittaria subulata |
| Maximum Size | Up to 15 centimetres |
| Placement | Foreground or midground of aquariums |
| Substrate Needed | Yes, prefers nutrient-rich substrate |
| Ideal Temperature | 20°C – 28°C |
| Ideal pH | 6.0-7.5 |
| Lighting Requirements | Moderate to high |
| Ease of Propagation | Easy |
Description
Dwarf Sagittaria (Sagittaria subulata) is a popular aquatic plant belonging to the Alismataceae family. It is native to North and Central America and is known for its slender, grass-like leaves. Dwarf Sagittaria forms dense clumps with multiple thin stems, and its leaves are typically green but may display shades of bronze or reddish-brown under certain conditions. This plant provides a natural and visually appealing foreground or midground carpeting effect in aquariums.
Care
Dwarf Sagittaria is a relatively low-maintenance plant, making it well-suited for beginners. It thrives in a nutrient-rich substrate that provides essential nutrients for growth. Regular dosing of liquid or root tab fertilisers is recommended to support its health and development. Regular trimming helps control its height and encourages the growth of new shoots.
Placement
Dwarf Sagittaria is commonly placed in the foreground or midground of the aquarium, creating a beautiful carpeting effect. It can be used to cover the substrate and create a lush, grassy appearance. Its slender and vertical growth provides a sense of depth and adds visual interest to the aquascape. Dwarf Sagittaria can also be combined with other plants or hardscape elements to create natural-looking arrangements.
Why It Is Great For Beginners
Dwarf Sagittaria is highly recommended for beginners due to its ease of care and versatility. It can adapt to a wide range of water conditions and is tolerant of temperature and pH fluctuations. Dwarf Sagittaria spreads through runners or stolons, making propagation simple and enabling beginners to expand their carpeting effect easily.
FAQ
Can low light aquarium plants survive with minimal lighting?
Yes, low light aquarium plants are specifically adapted to thrive in low-intensity lighting conditions. They can perform well with minimal light, making them ideal for beginners or aquariums with limited access to bright light.
What are the advantages of using low light plants in an aquarium?
Low light plants offer several benefits, including easy maintenance, slower growth rates (requiring less pruning), and the ability to thrive in a wider range of water parameters. They also help oxygenate the water, absorb excess nutrients, and provide hiding places for fish and other aquatic creatures.
Do low light plants require CO2 injection?
In most cases, low light plants do not require CO2 injection. They can survive and grow well with the available dissolved CO2 in the aquarium water. However, if you notice slow growth or discolouration, you may consider adding a liquid carbon supplement to enhance their growth.
Can low light plants be used in aquariums with other plants that require higher lighting?
Yes, low light plants can coexist with other plants that require higher lighting. Just ensure that you place the low light plants in shaded areas or use taller plants to provide shade. This way, each plant can receive the appropriate light intensity it requires.
How do I provide the right nutrients for low light plants?
Low light plants generally have lower nutrient requirements compared to high light plants. However, using a nutrient-rich substrate or adding root tabs can provide essential nutrients for their growth. Additionally, periodic dosing of liquid fertilisers designed for low light plants can supplement their nutritional needs.
Can low light plants be propagated easily?
Yes, many low light plants are easy to propagate. They often reproduce through runners, plantlets, or by dividing their rhizomes. This allows beginners to propagate and expand their plant collection without much effort.
How often should I trim low light plants?
Low light plants typically have slower growth rates compared to high light plants. Trimming requirements vary for each species, but generally, you can trim them every few weeks or as needed to maintain their desired shape and prevent overcrowding in the aquarium.
Conclusion
Incorporating low light aquarium plants into your aquatic setup is an excellent choice for beginners and those seeking a low-maintenance planted aquarium. These plants offer several advantages, including their ability to thrive in minimal lighting conditions, easy propagation, and their contribution to a natural and aesthetically pleasing environment.
By selecting low light plants, you can enjoy the benefits of greenery in your aquarium without the need for high-intensity lighting or complex CO2 injection systems. These plants have adapted to lower light levels, making them resilient and versatile in various water parameters. They can coexist with other plant species, allowing you to create diverse and visually appealing aquascapes.
hey require minimal trimming and can be easily propagated, allowing you to expand your plant collection and create a lush and thriving ecosystem.
Incorporate these 10 low light aquarium plants into your aquascape and experience the joy of a vibrant, thriving underwater garden with minimal effort and without having to break the bank on lights.
