How To Set Up A Fish Tank: From Cycling to Planting to Aquascaped Aquarium

Setting up a fish tank can be an exciting and rewarding experience, but it can also be a daunting task for beginners. There are many factors to consider, such as tank size, water parameters, filtration, lighting, and the types of fish and plants to keep. Properly cycling the aquarium is also essential to ensure the health and well-being of your aquatic pets. In this guide, I will walk you through the step-by-step process of setting up a fish tank, from cycling to planting to aquascaped aquariums. Whether you’re a beginner or experienced hobbyist, this guide will provide you with the knowledge and tools you need to create a thriving aquatic environment for your fish and plants. So, let’s dive in and get started on your fish-keeping journey!

Choosing the right tank size and shape for your needs

Choosing the right tank size and shape is an important factor to consider when setting up a fish tank. The size and shape of the tank will determine how many fish you can keep, what types of fish are suitable, and the overall aesthetic appeal of the aquarium. Here are some things to consider when choosing the right tank size and shape:

• Fish species: Different types of fish require different tank sizes. For example, small schooling fish like neon tetras or guppies can thrive in a smaller tank, while larger fish like angelfish or cichlids require a larger tank to accommodate their size and swimming needs.
  
  
• Number of fish: The number of fish you want to keep will also determine the size of the tank you need. Overcrowding can lead to poor water quality, stress, and disease. As a general rule, provide at least one gallon of water per 2.5 cm or 1 inch of fish.
  
  
• Available space: Consider the available space in your home or office when choosing a tank size and shape. Choose a size that fits comfortably in the space you have and is easily accessible for maintenance. Also make sure that the floor can support the weight of the fully-setup aquarium.
  
  
• Material: Tanks can either be made from glass or from acrylic. Glass is cheaper but less durable. Acrylic tanks are expensive but they are more durable, are clearer, and can be moulded into different shapes.
  
  
• Aesthetics: Tank shape and size can greatly affect the aesthetic appeal of your aquarium. A rectangular tank is the most common shape and is suitable for a wide range of fish species. However, other shapes like bow-front or hexagonal tanks can add interest and variety to your aquarium.
  
  
• Budget: Tank size, material, and shape can also affect the cost. Larger tanks require more equipment and maintenance, which can be more expensive. However, a larger tank can also provide more flexibility in terms of the number and types of fish you can keep.

Understanding the nitrogen cycle and how to properly cycle your tank

The nitrogen cycle is a crucial process that occurs in all aquariums and is essential for the health and well-being of your fish and other aquatic pets. The nitrogen cycle is the process of converting toxic ammonia into less harmful nitrate through the activity of beneficial bacteria. Here’s how it works:

• Fish waste and uneaten food produce ammonia, which is highly toxic to fish.
• Nitrosomonas bacteria convert ammonia into nitrite, which is also toxic to fish.
• Nitrobacter bacteria convert nitrite into nitrate, which is less harmful to fish in small amounts.
• Plants and beneficial bacteria consume nitrate as a nutrient source, and regular water changes remove excess nitrate from the water.

To properly cycle your tank, follow these steps:

1. Set up your aquarium with the appropriate substrate, decorations, and equipment, including a filtration system.
2. Add fish food to the tank to begin producing ammonia. Do not add too many fish at once as this can lead to an ammonia spike and harm your fish.
3. Test the water regularly for ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels using a reliable water testing kit.
4. As the nitrogen cycle progresses, monitor the levels of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. It is normal for ammonia and nitrite levels to spike at first, but they should eventually drop to zero as the beneficial bacteria establish themselves in the tank.
5. Once the ammonia and nitrite levels have dropped to zero, and nitrate levels have begun to rise, the tank is fully cycled and can support a healthy fish population.

The nitrogen cycle can take several weeks to establish, so be patient and do not add too many fish too quickly. Properly cycling your tank is crucial to ensuring the health and well-being of your fish and other aquatic pets.

Why Live Fish Should Never Be Used To Cycle An Aquarium

While it is technically possible to use live plants to start the cycling process, it is strongly discouraged. Using live fish to cycle an aquarium is inhumane as it is harmful to the fish no matter how hardy they are. During the cycling process, ammonia and nitrite levels can quickly rise to dangerous levels, causing stress and potential harm to the fish. The spikes in these levels can lead to health problems, including ammonia burns, fin rot, and even death.

Additionally, cycling with live fish is an inefficient and outdated method. There are now safer and more effective ways to cycle a tank.

Steps To Speed Up The Cycling Process

Here are some steps that can help speed up the cycling process in an aquarium:

• Seed the tank with beneficial bacteria: Adding a bacteria starter product or seeded filter media from an established aquarium can help introduce the beneficial bacteria needed to break down ammonia and nitrite more quickly.
• Increase water temperature: Beneficial bacteria thrive in warm water, so increasing the temperature to the appropriate range for the fish you plan to keep can help speed up the cycling process.
• Add an air stone or powerhead: Increasing water movement and surface agitation can help introduce more oxygen into the water, which can help the beneficial bacteria to grow more quickly.
• Use a commercial cycling product: Commercial cycling products can help introduce beneficial bacteria and help speed up the cycling process. Follow the instructions carefully and test the water frequently to monitor progress.

Even with these steps, the cycling process still takes time, and rushing it can lead to an unstable and unhealthy environment for fish. Be patient and monitor the water parameters regularly to ensure that the tank is properly cycled before adding the fish.

Selecting the best filtration system for your aquarium

The other important aspect of setting up a tank is choosing the right filter. When selecting a filtration system for your aquarium, there are several factors to consider, including the size and type of your aquarium, the type of fish and plants you have, and your budget. Here are some tips to help you choose the best filtration system for your aquarium:

• Determine the type of filtration you need: There are three types of filtration systems: mechanical, biological, and chemical. Mechanical filtration removes physical debris from the water, while biological filtration uses beneficial bacteria to break down waste and chemical filtration removes impurities from the water. Some filtration systems combine two or more of these types of filtration. Choose something that has, at the very least, stages for mechanical and biological filtration.
• Consider the flow rate: The flow rate of your filtration system should be appropriate for the type of fish and plants you have in your aquarium. Some fish require higher water flow rates, while others prefer calmer waters. A general rule of thumb is to get a filter rated for at least four times the volume of water in the aquarium.
• Look for a reliable brand: Choose a filtration system from a reputable brand that has good reviews and a track record of quality products. Oase is a brand that has served me well for many years now and I would highly recommend it. You don’t want to risk your fish’s health by using a cheap, unreliable filtration system.
• Consider your budget: Filtration systems can range from inexpensive to very expensive, depending on their features and capabilities. Determine your budget and look for a system that offers the best bang for the buck within your budget.
• Don’t forget maintenance: Your filtration system will require regular maintenance, such as cleaning the filter media and replacing filter cartridges. Choose a system that is easy to maintain and has readily available replacement parts.

Choosing the right lighting for your tank and plants

When choosing the right lighting for your tank and plants, there are a few things to consider:

• The type of plants you have: Different types of plants have different lighting needs. Some plants require high-intensity lighting, while others can thrive with lower light levels. Research the lighting requirements of your specific plants to ensure that they receive the right amount of light.
• The size and depth of your tank: The size and depth of your tank will affect the intensity and coverage of your lighting. A larger tank may require more powerful lighting to provide sufficient coverage, while a shallow tank may need less intense lighting.
• The type of lighting: There are several types of lighting available, including fluorescent, LED, and metal halide. LED lighting is the most popular choice for aquariums as it is energy-efficient, long-lasting, and provides a wide range of colour options.
• The colour temperature: The colour temperature of your lighting affects the appearance of your plants and fish. For example, a cool white light (around 6,500K) will make plants appear greener, while a warmer light (around 3,000K) will make them appear more red.
• The duration of lighting: The duration of lighting is also important. Most aquariums require around 8-10 hours of lighting per day, but this can vary depending on the type of plants and fish in your tank.
• The cost: Different types of lighting have different costs, so consider your budget when selecting your lighting. Also take into account the operational costs in terms of power bills and how often the lights will need to be replaced.

By taking these factors into account, you can ensure that your plants receive the right amount and type of light to thrive in your aquarium.

Adding live plants to your aquarium and their benefits

Live plants provide many benefits, including:

1. Oxygen production: Live plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis, which helps to maintain a healthy balance of oxygen in the water for fish and other aquatic creatures.
2. Natural filtration: Live plants can absorb and utilise waste products from fish and other aquatic creatures as nutrients, which can help to reduce the level of toxins in the water.
3. Aesthetic appeal: Live plants can enhance the natural beauty of your aquarium and provide a more natural-looking environment for your fish that keeps growing and changing with time.
4. Natural hiding places: Live plants can provide hiding places and shelter for fish and other aquatic creatures, which can help to reduce stress and promote natural behaviours.
5. Algae control: Live plants can help to control the growth of algae by competing for the same nutrients that algae needs to grow.

When adding live plants to your aquarium, take into account the specific needs of the plants, such as lighting, water temperature, and nutrient requirements. Some plants may require specific substrates, fertilisers, or CO₂ supplementation to thrive.

Selecting the right substrate for your plants and fish

Selecting the right substrate for your plants and fish will ensure the well-being of your aquatic ecosystem. Here are some factors to consider when selecting the right substrate for your aquarium:

• Type of plants: Different types of plants require different substrates to thrive. The more demanding plants like Ammannia crassicaulis and Blyxa alternifolia will require a nutrient-rich substrate, while hardier options like Hygrophila and Java Fern will do just fine in any substrate or even no substrate.
• Type of fish: Certain fish species have specific substrate requirements. For example, bottom-dwelling fish like catfish may prefer a soft and sandy substrate, while other fish may prefer a gravel or small pebble substrate.
• pH and water hardness: The pH and water hardness of your aquarium can impact the type of substrate you choose. Some substrates such as crushed coral and black sand may raise or lower the pH or water hardness, which can impact the health of your fish and plants.
• Aesthetic appeal: The substrate can impact the overall appearance of your aquarium. Consider the colour, texture, and appearance of the substrate to ensure it complements the natural look of your aquarium.

Some common substrate types include gravel, sand, crushed coral, and aquatic soil. Research the needs of your plants and fish and consider the factors listed above to select the right substrate for your aquarium. Remember to rinse the substrate thoroughly before adding it to your aquarium to remove any dust or debris.

Choosing the right types of fish and their compatibility with each other

Choosing the right types of fish for your aquarium is important for creating a healthy and harmonious environment. Here are some factors to consider when selecting fish for your aquarium:

• Tank size: The size of your aquarium will impact the number and size of fish you can keep. Overcrowding can lead to stress, aggression, and poor water quality.
• Temperament: Different fish species have different temperaments. Some fish are more aggressive, while others are peaceful. Consider the temperament of the fish you want to keep and how they will interact with other fish in the aquarium. It is advisable to keep fish with a similar level of aggression or lack of it together.
• Water parameters: Different fish species have different water parameter requirements, such as temperature, pH, and hardness. Select fish that have similar water parameter requirements to ensure they can thrive together.
• Feeding habits: Some fish are herbivores, some are carnivores, and others are omnivores. Consider the feeding habits of the fish you want to keep and make sure their diet is compatible with each other.
• Size and swimming habits: Fish that have different sizes and swimming habits may not be compatible. For instance, a slow-moving fish may not be compatible with a fast-moving fish that may outcompete it for food.

When selecting fish for your aquarium, create a balanced ecosystem with a mix of top, middle, and bottom-dwelling fish. Avoid overstocking your aquarium and monitor the behavior of your fish to ensure they are getting along.

Aquascaping tips and techniques for creating a stunning underwater landscape

Aquascaping is defined as the art of creating an underwater landscape in an aquarium. Here are some tips and techniques for creating a stunning aquascape:

• Plan ahead: Before you start setting up your aquarium, take some time to plan your aquascape. Consider the size and shape of your tank, the type of plants and fish you want to include, and the overall theme or style you want to create.
• Use the rule of thirds: When placing plants and other features in your aquarium, use the rule of thirds. This means dividing your aquarium into thirds both horizontally and vertically and placing your plants and other features roughly at the intersections of these lines.
• Create depth: Use different levels of substrate, rocks, and plants to create depth in your aquarium. This can help to create a more natural-looking landscape and provide hiding places and shelter for your fish.
• The lighting: Lighting is an important factor to consider when creating an aquascape. Use lighting to highlight certain features or areas of your aquarium, and to create depth and shadows.
• Choose the right plants: The type of plants you choose will impact the overall look and health of your aquascape. Choose plants of different sizes and visual features to give the aquascape a dynamic appearance.
• Add hardscape elements: Hardscape elements such as rocks, driftwood, and stones can add interest and texture to your aquascape. Use these elements to create hiding places and add dimension to your aquarium.
• The fish: When choosing fish for your aquarium, consider their compatibility with each other and with the plants in your aquarium. Some fish may eat or uproot plants, while others may be more peaceful and compatible.

By following these tips and techniques, you can create a stunning underwater landscape that is both beautiful and healthy for your fish and plants.

Maintaining proper water parameters and water changes

Maintaining proper water parameters and performing regular water changes are essential for the health and well-being of your aquarium fish and plants. Here are some tips for maintaining proper water parameters and performing water changes:

• Test your water regularly: Test your water regularly to ensure that the pH, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels are within acceptable ranges for your fish and plants. Testing your water will also help you identify any problems early on before they become major issues. Testing kits are quite readily available in pet stores.
• Change your water regularly: Perform regular water changes to remove toxins, waste products, and other harmful substances from the water. The frequency and volume of water changes will depend on the size of your tank, the number and size of your fish, and the type of filtration system you are using. Generally, it is recommended to change 10-20% of the water every week or every other week.
• Use a dechlorinator: Tap water may contain chlorine or chloramines, which can be harmful to fish and plants. Use a dechlorinator to remove these chemicals before adding tap water to your aquarium.
• Maintain a consistent temperature: Maintain a consistent temperature in your aquarium to ensure that your fish and plants are comfortable and healthy. Fluctuations in temperature can cause stress and illness in fish and plants. Use a reliable thermometer preferably with an alarm to ensure that the temperature doesn’t get too low or high.
• Clean your filter: Clean your filter regularly to make sure that it is functioning properly and removing waste and debris from the water. Be careful not to clean the filter too often or all at once, as this can remove beneficial bacteria that help to maintain a healthy ecosystem.

Dealing with common problems and issues in a fish tank

While we would all love to have no problems in our aquariums, fish tanks can encounter several problems and issues. Here are some of the common ones and how to deal with them:

• Cloudy water: Cloudy water can be caused by excess waste or decaying plant matter. Clean your tank and perform water changes regularly to prevent this issue. You can also use activated carbon or a water clarifier to help clear up the water.

If it is a new tank, then give it some time and make sure that the cycling process is complete.

• Algae growth: Algae growth can be caused by excess nutrients, too much light, or poor water circulation. Reduce the amount of light and nutrients in the tank and increase water flow to help prevent algae growth. You can also add algae-eating fish or snails to help control the growth.
• Overfeeding: Overfeeding can lead to excess waste and uneaten food in the tank, which can cause water quality problems. Feed your fish only what they can consume in a few minutes and avoid leaving excess food in the tank.
• Sick fish: Sick fish may exhibit symptoms such as lethargy, loss of appetite, and unusual behavior. Quarantine sick fish in a separate tank to prevent the spread of disease and consult with a veterinarian or aquatic specialist to diagnose and treat the illness.
• pH problems: pH problems can be caused by a variety of factors, including poor water quality, improper substrate, and lack of aeration. Test your water regularly and adjust pH levels using pH adjusters or by adding certain types of substrates, depending on the needs of your fish and plants.
• Aggressive fish: Aggressive fish can cause stress and harm to other fish in the tank. Remove aggressive fish or provide adequate hiding places and territory for all fish to prevent conflict.

Feeding and caring for your fish and plants

Feeding and caring for fish and plants in an aquascape requires attention and proper techniques to maintain a healthy and thriving environment for all aquatic life. Here are some guidelines to help you:

Feeding Fish:

• Feed your fish a small amount of food 1-2 times a day, only giving them what they can eat in a few minutes. Overfeeding can lead to excess food waste and poor water quality.
• Choose a high-quality fish food that is appropriate for the species of fish you have. Some fish have specific dietary needs. Make sure that these needs are met.
• If you have bottom-dwelling fish, consider using sinking pellets or tablets to ensure they get their fair share of food.
• Remove any uneaten food after feeding to prevent it from decomposing and causing water quality issues.

Caring for Plants:

• Use a substrate that provides nutrients for your plants, such as aquatic soil or fertiliser-enriched gravel. Add root tabs or liquid fertilisers if needed.
• Provide adequate lighting for your plants. Most aquarium plants require at least 8-10 hours of light per day, but some may require more or less depending on their needs.
• Monitor the pH and nutrient levels in your tank to ensure they are within the appropriate range for your plants.
• Prune your plants regularly to prevent them from becoming overgrown and blocking light from other plants.

FAQ

What is aquarium cycling, and why is it important?

Aquarium cycling is the process of establishing beneficial bacteria in the aquarium to break down harmful waste products produced by fish and other aquatic creatures.

How do I cycle my aquarium?

The recommended way to cycle an aquarium is through a fishless cycle, which involves adding a source of ammonia to the water and allowing the beneficial bacteria to grow and establish themselves over a few weeks. This process can be sped up by using seeding material from an already established tank or by using a commercial product.

Can I add plants during the cycling process?

Yes, plants can be added during the cycling process. In fact, they can help to speed up the process by absorbing some of the excess ammonia and nitrite in the water.

What kind of substrate should I use for my plants?

There are several options for aquarium substrates, including gravel, sand, and soil. For planted aquariums, it is best to use a substrate that is nutrient-rich and provides a good anchor for plant roots, such as soil or fertiliser-enriched gravel.

What lighting do I need for my aquarium plants?

The lighting requirements for aquarium plants vary depending on the species of plant. In general, plants need light in the blue and red spectrum to grow, so look for a light that provides a spectrum in those ranges. The intensity and duration of the light will also depend on the specific needs of the plants.

How do I start aquascaping my aquarium?

Before starting, research different aquascaping styles and layouts to find one that appeals to you. Plan out the layout of your aquarium and the placement of plants, rocks, and other elements before adding them to the tank. Consider the lighting and water flow in your aquarium and how they will affect the placement of your elements.

How often should I do water changes in my aquarium?

It is recommended to do a 10-20% water change once a week to maintain water quality in your aquarium. However, the frequency and amount of water changes may vary depending on the size of your tank, the number of fish and plants, and other factors.

Conclusion

Setting up a fish tank is an enjoyable and rewarding experience, but it requires careful planning and attention to detail. From cycling the tank to planting aquarium plants to creating an aquascaped aquarium, there are several important steps to take to ensure success. It is essential to choose the right substrate, lighting, filter, and other equipment for your aquarium, as well as monitor water parameters and perform regular maintenance to keep your fish and plants thriving. By following these guidelines and seeking advice from experienced aquarists, you can create a beautiful and vibrant aquatic ecosystem that will be the talk of the town.